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Diabetes can provoke multiple complications like blindness, heart attack, kidney failure, and even amputation.
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Diabetes is an incurable chronic disease in which the blood sugar, or blood sugar level, is abnormally high (hyperglycemia). This disease can be treated and controlled by appropriate medical care. In general, diabetes is caused by a deficiency, or, a poor utilization of insulin, a hormone which is produced by the pancreas. When there is insulin deficiency, or resistance, glucose accumulates in the blood stream, causing hyperglycemia.
There are generally three types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, and gestational.
Type 1 diabetes, or insulin dependent diabetes is a form of diabetes mainly affecting young people (children, teenagers, or young adults). It is caused by destruction of pancreatic cells and manifests by cardinal syndrome (polyuria – polydipsia – rapid weight loss – and polyphagia).
Type 2 diabetes appears in older adults, over 40 years old who are genetically predisposed. This form of pathology is caused by obesity, lack of physical activity, or dietary imbalance. It takes 5 to 10 years to see the first symptoms of hyperglycemia.
Gestational diabetes is characterized by an increase of glycemia levels nearing the end of the second and during the third trimesters of pregnancy. In most cases, it disappears after birth, but can transform into type 2 diabetes in the following years. This pathology manifests by an unusual fatigue, exaggerated thirst, frequent urination, and headaches.
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